%0 Book Section %A Wiliam, D %A Thompson, M %B The Future of Assessment: Shaping Teaching and Learning %C New York, NY, USA %D 2008 %E Dwyer, CA %F discovery:10001162 %I Routledge %P 53-82 %T Integrating Assessment with Learning: What Will It Take to Make It Work? %U https://discovery-pp.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10001162/ %X Improving education is a priority for all countries. Increasing the level of educational achievement brings benefits to the individual, such as higher lifetime earnings, and to society as a whole, both in terms of increased economic growth and lower social costs such as health care and criminal justice costs (Gritz & MaCurdy, 1992; Hanushek, 2004; Levin, 1972; Tyler, Murnane, & Willett, 2000). Indeed, the total return on investments in education can be well over $10 for every $1 invested (Schweinhart et al., 2005). This means that even loosely focused investments in education are likely to be cost-effective. Given public skepticism about such long-term investments, however, and given too the reluctance of local, state, and federal governments to raise taxes, there is a pressing need to find the most cost-effective ways of improving student achievement. %Z This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions.