eprintid: 10052303 rev_number: 33 eprint_status: archive userid: 608 dir: disk0/10/05/23/03 datestamp: 2018-07-16 16:51:48 lastmod: 2021-09-19 23:57:00 status_changed: 2018-10-16 10:33:43 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Veale, M creators_name: Binns, R creators_name: Edwards, L title: Algorithms that remember: model inversion attacks and data protection law ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B03 divisions: C02 keywords: model inversion, personal data, model trading, machine learning note: © 2018 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). abstract: Many individuals are concerned about the governance of machine learning systems and the prevention of algorithmic harms. The EU's recent General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has been seen as a core tool for achieving better governance of this area. While the GDPR does apply to the use of models in some limited situations, most of its provisions relate to the governance of personal data, while models have traditionally been seen as intellectual property. We present recent work from the information security literature around ‘model inversion’ and ‘membership inference’ attacks, which indicates that the process of turning training data into machine-learned systems is not one way, and demonstrate how this could lead some models to be legally classified as personal data. Taking this as a probing experiment, we explore the different rights and obligations this would trigger and their utility, and posit future directions for algorithmic governance and regulation. date: 2018-11-28 date_type: published official_url: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0083 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green article_type_text: Journal Article verified: verified_manual elements_id: 1566759 doi: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0083 language_elements: English lyricists_name: Veale, Michael lyricists_id: MVEAL90 actors_name: Veale, Michael actors_id: MVEAL90 actors_role: owner full_text_status: public publication: Philosophical Transactions A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences volume: 376 number: 2133 article_number: 20180083 issn: 1364-503X citation: Veale, M; Binns, R; Edwards, L; (2018) Algorithms that remember: model inversion attacks and data protection law. Philosophical Transactions A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences , 376 (2133) , Article 20180083. 10.1098/rsta.2018.0083 <https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0083>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery-pp.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10052303/1/Veale_Algorithms%20that%20Remember.%20Model%20Inversion%20Attacks%20and%20Data%20Protection%20Law_VoR.pdf