eprintid: 10094991 rev_number: 14 eprint_status: archive userid: 608 dir: disk0/10/09/49/91 datestamp: 2020-06-26 06:31:14 lastmod: 2021-10-01 23:44:41 status_changed: 2020-06-26 06:31:14 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Slatcher, N creators_name: James, MR creators_name: Calvari, S creators_name: Ganci, G creators_name: Browning, J title: Quantifying Effusion Rates at Active Volcanoes through Integrated Time-Lapse Laser Scanning and Photography ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B04 divisions: C06 divisions: F57 keywords: lava flow; scoria cone; effusion rate; terrestrial laser scanning; time-lapse photography; Mt. Etna note: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited abstract: During volcanic eruptions, measurements of the rate at which magma is erupted underpin hazard assessments. For eruptions dominated by the effusion of lava, estimates are often made using satellite data; here, in a case study at Mount Etna (Sicily), we make the first measurements based on terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), and we also include explosive products. During the study period (17–21 July 2012), regular Strombolian explosions were occurring within the Bocca Nuova crater, producing a ~50 m-high scoria cone and a small lava flow field. TLS surveys over multi-day intervals determined a mean cone growth rate (effusive and explosive products) of ~0.24 m3·s −1 . Differences between 0.3-m resolution DEMs acquired at 10-minute intervals captured the evolution of a breakout lava flow lobe advancing at 0.01–0.03 m3·s −1 . Partial occlusion within the crater prevented similar measurement of the main flow, but integrating TLS data with time-lapse imagery enabled lava viscosity (7.4 × 105 Pa·s) to be derived from surface velocities and, hence, a flux of 0.11 m3·s −1 to be calculated. Total dense rock equivalent magma discharge estimates are ~0.1–0.2 m3·s −1 over the measurement period and suggest that simultaneous estimates from satellite data are somewhat overestimated. Our results support the use of integrated TLS and time-lapse photography for ground-truthing space-based measurements and highlight the value of interactive image analysis when automated approaches, such as particle image velocimetry (PIV), fail. date: 2015-11-01 date_type: published publisher: MDPI official_url: https://doi.org/10.3390/rs71114967 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 1107539 doi: 10.3390/rs71114967 lyricists_name: Browning, John lyricists_id: JBROW15 actors_name: Browning, John actors_id: JBROW15 actors_role: owner full_text_status: public publication: Remote Sensing volume: 7 number: 11 pagerange: 14967-14987 pages: 21 issn: 2072-4292 citation: Slatcher, N; James, MR; Calvari, S; Ganci, G; Browning, J; (2015) Quantifying Effusion Rates at Active Volcanoes through Integrated Time-Lapse Laser Scanning and Photography. Remote Sensing , 7 (11) pp. 14967-14987. 10.3390/rs71114967 <https://doi.org/10.3390/rs71114967>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery-pp.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10094991/1/Slatcher-2015-Quantifying-effusion-rates-at-activ.pdf