@article{discovery10145931,
            year = {2022},
         journal = {Movement Disorders},
           title = {A Critical Investigation of Cerebellar Associative Learning in Isolated Dystonia},
       publisher = {Wiley},
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           month = {March},
             url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.28967},
        abstract = {BACKGROUND: Impaired eyeblink conditioning is often cited as evidence for cerebellar dysfunction in isolated dystonia yet the results from individual studies are conflicting and underpowered. OBJECTIVE: To systematically examine the influence of dystonia, dystonia subtype, and clinical features over eyeblink conditioning within a statistical model which controlled for the covariates age and sex. METHODS: Original neurophysiological data from all published studies (until 2019) were shared and compared to an age- and sex-matched control group. Two raters blinded to participant identity rescored all recordings (6732 trials). After higher inter-rater agreement was confirmed, mean conditioning per block across raters was entered into a mixed repetitive measures model. RESULTS: Isolated dystonia (P�=�0.517) and the subtypes of isolated dystonia (cervical dystonia, DYT-TOR1A, DYT-THAP1, and focal hand dystonia) had similar levels of eyeblink conditioning relative to controls. The presence of tremor did not significantly influence levels of eyeblink conditioning. A large range of eyeblink conditioning behavior was seen in both health and dystonia and sample size estimates are provided for future studies. CONCLUSIONS: The similarity of eyeblink conditioning behavior in dystonia and controls is against a global cerebellar learning deficit in isolated dystonia. Precise mechanisms for how the cerebellum interplays mechanistically with other key neuroanatomical nodes within the dystonic network remains an open research question. {\copyright} 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society.},
        keywords = {Associative learning, cerebellum, dystonia, eyeblink conditioning},
          author = {Sadnicka, Anna and Rocchi, Lorenzo and Latorre, Anna and Antelmi, Elena and Teo, James and Pare{\'e}s, Isabel and Hoffland, Britt S and Brock, Kristian and Kornysheva, Katja and Edwards, Mark J and Bhatia, Kailash P and Rothwell, John C}
}