eprintid: 10153196 rev_number: 8 eprint_status: archive userid: 699 dir: disk0/10/15/31/96 datestamp: 2022-08-04 12:31:07 lastmod: 2022-08-04 12:33:45 status_changed: 2022-08-04 12:31:07 type: article metadata_visibility: show sword_depositor: 699 creators_name: Anderson, Katie creators_name: Goldsmith, Lucy P creators_name: Lomani, Jo creators_name: Ali, Zena creators_name: Clarke, Geraldine creators_name: Crowe, Chloe creators_name: Jarman, Heather creators_name: Johnson, Sonia creators_name: McDaid, David creators_name: Pariza, Paris creators_name: Park, A-La creators_name: Smith, Jared A creators_name: Stovold, Elizabeth creators_name: Turner, Kati creators_name: Gillard, Steve title: Short-stay crisis units for mental health patients on crisis care pathways: systematic review and meta-analysis ispublished: pub divisions: C07 divisions: FH7 divisions: B02 divisions: UCL divisions: D79 keywords: Psychiatric nursing; suicide; crisis care; emergency psychiatric care; crisis unit note: Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Royal College of Psychiatrists. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. abstract: BACKGROUND: Internationally, an increasing proportion of emergency department visits are mental health related. Concurrently, psychiatric wards are often occupied above capacity. Healthcare providers have introduced short-stay, hospital-based crisis units offering a therapeutic space for stabilisation, assessment and appropriate referral. Research lags behind roll-out, and a review of the evidence is urgently needed to inform policy and further introduction of similar units. AIMS: This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of short-stay, hospital-based mental health crisis units. METHOD: We searched EMBASE, Medline, CINAHL and PsycINFO up to March 2021. All designs incorporating a control or comparison group were eligible for inclusion, and all effect estimates with a comparison group were extracted and combined meta-analytically where appropriate. We assessed study risk of bias with Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies - of Interventions and Risk of Bias in Randomized Trials. RESULTS: Data from twelve studies across six countries (Australia, Belgium, Canada, The Netherlands, UK and USA) and 67 505 participants were included. Data indicated that units delivered benefits on many outcomes. Units could reduce psychiatric holds (42% after intervention compared with 49.8% before intervention; difference = 7.8%; P < 0.0001) and increase out-patient follow-up care (χ2 = 37.42, d.f. = 1; P < 0.001). Meta-analysis indicated a significant reduction in length of emergency department stay (by 164.24 min; 95% CI -261.24 to -67.23 min; P < 0.001) and number of in-patient admissions (odds ratio 0.55, 95% CI 0.43-0.68; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Short-stay mental health crisis units are effective for reducing emergency department wait times and in-patient admissions. Further research should investigate the impact of units on patient experience, and clinical and social outcomes. date: 2022-07-25 date_type: published publisher: CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS official_url: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2022.534 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 1967454 doi: 10.1192/bjo.2022.534 medium: Electronic pii: S2056472422005348 lyricists_name: Johnson, Isabella lyricists_id: ISJOH12 actors_name: Flynn, Bernadette actors_id: BFFLY94 actors_role: owner funding_acknowledgements: 17/49/70 [National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Health Services and Delivery Research] full_text_status: public publication: BJPsych Open volume: 8 number: 4 article_number: e144 pages: 14 event_location: England citation: Anderson, Katie; Goldsmith, Lucy P; Lomani, Jo; Ali, Zena; Clarke, Geraldine; Crowe, Chloe; Jarman, Heather; ... Gillard, Steve; + view all <#> Anderson, Katie; Goldsmith, Lucy P; Lomani, Jo; Ali, Zena; Clarke, Geraldine; Crowe, Chloe; Jarman, Heather; Johnson, Sonia; McDaid, David; Pariza, Paris; Park, A-La; Smith, Jared A; Stovold, Elizabeth; Turner, Kati; Gillard, Steve; - view fewer <#> (2022) Short-stay crisis units for mental health patients on crisis care pathways: systematic review and meta-analysis. BJPsych Open , 8 (4) , Article e144. 10.1192/bjo.2022.534 <https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2022.534>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery-pp.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10153196/1/short-stay-crisis-units-for-mental-health-patients.pdf