eprintid: 10168535 rev_number: 7 eprint_status: archive userid: 699 dir: disk0/10/16/85/35 datestamp: 2023-04-19 09:46:07 lastmod: 2023-04-19 09:46:07 status_changed: 2023-04-19 09:46:07 type: article metadata_visibility: show sword_depositor: 699 creators_name: Van Berkel, Niels creators_name: Bellio, Maura creators_name: Skov, Mikael B creators_name: Blandford, Ann title: Measurements, Algorithms, and Presentations of Reality: Framing Interactions with AI-Enabled Decision Support ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B04 divisions: C05 divisions: F48 keywords: Human-Centred AI, measurement, algorithms, presentation, MAP, MAP model, case studies, healthcare, medicine, decision-making, cooperative AI, Human-AI note: This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions. abstract: Bringing AI technology into clinical practice has proved challenging for system designers and medical professionals alike. The academic literature has, for example, highlighted the dangers of black-box decision-making and biased datasets. Furthermore, end-users’ ability to validate a system’s performance often disappears following the introduction of AI decision-making. We present the MAP model to understand and describe the three stages through which medical observations are interpreted and handled by AI systems. These stages are Measurement, in which information is gathered and converted into data points that can be stored and processed; Algorithm, in which computational processes transform the collected data; and Presentation, where information is returned to the user for interpretation. For each stage, we highlight possible challenges that need to be overcome to develop Human-Centred AI systems. We illuminate our MAP model through complementary case studies on colonoscopy practice and dementia diagnosis, providing examples of the challenges encountered in real-world settings. By defining Human-AI interaction across these three stages, we untangle some of the inherent complexities in designing AI technology for clinical decision-making, and aim to overcome misalignment between medical end-users and AI researchers and developers. date: 2023-04 date_type: published publisher: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) official_url: https://doi.org/10.1145/3571815 oa_status: green full_text_type: other language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 2015041 doi: 10.1145/3571815 lyricists_name: Blandford, Ann lyricists_id: AEBLA22 actors_name: Blandford, Ann actors_id: AEBLA22 actors_role: owner full_text_status: public publication: ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction volume: 30 number: 2 article_number: 32 issn: 1073-0516 citation: Van Berkel, Niels; Bellio, Maura; Skov, Mikael B; Blandford, Ann; (2023) Measurements, Algorithms, and Presentations of Reality: Framing Interactions with AI-Enabled Decision Support. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction , 30 (2) , Article 32. 10.1145/3571815 <https://doi.org/10.1145/3571815>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery-pp.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10168535/1/TOCHI_SI___Health_AI__MAP_%281%29.pdf