@article{discovery10182558,
           title = {What helps the helpers? Resilience and risk factors for general and profession-specific mental health problems in psychotherapists during the COVID-19 pandemic},
            note = {Copyright {\copyright} 2023 Zerban, Puhlmann, Lassri, Fonagy, Montague, Kiselnikova, Lorenzini, Desatnik, Kalisch and Nolte. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.},
       publisher = {Frontiers Media},
           month = {December},
         journal = {Frontiers in Psychology},
            year = {2023},
          volume = {14},
        abstract = {Introduction: Although the COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected wellbeing of at-risk groups, most research on resilience employed convenience samples. We investigated psychosocial resilience and risk factors (RFs) for the wellbeing of psychotherapists and other mental health practitioners, an under-researched population that provides essential support for other at-risk groups and was uniquely burdened by the pandemic. 
Method: We examined 18 psychosocial factors for their association with resilience, of which four were chosen due to their likely relevance specifically for therapists, in a cross-sectional multi-national sample (N=569) surveyed between June and September 2020. Resilience was operationalized dimensionally and outcome-based as lower stressor reactivity (SR), meaning fewer mental health problems than predicted given a participant's levels of stressor exposure. General SR (SRG) scores expressed reactivity in terms of general internalizing problems, while profession-specific SR (SRS) scores expressed reactivity in terms of burnout and secondary trauma, typical problems of mental health practitioners. 
Results: Factors previously identified as RFs in other populations, including perceived social support, optimism and self-compassion, were almost all significant in the study population (SRG: 18/18 RFs, absolute {\ensuremath{\beta}}s=.16-.40; SRS: 15/18 RFs, absolute {\ensuremath{\beta}}s=.19-.39 all Ps {\ensuremath{<}}.001). Compassion satisfaction emerged as uniquely relevant for mental health practitioners in regularized regression.
Discussion: Our work identifies psychosocial RFs for mental health practitioners' wellbeing during crisis. Most identified factors are general, in that they are associated with resilience to a wider range of mental health problems, and global, in that they have also been observed in other populations and stressor constellations.},
             url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1272199},
          author = {Zerban, Matthias and Puhlmann, Lara Marie Christine and Lassri, Dana and Fonagy, Peter and Montague, P Read and Kiselnikova, Natalia and Lorenzini, Nicolas and Desatnik, Alex and Kalisch, Raffael and Nolte, Tobias}
}