eprintid: 10190122
rev_number: 7
eprint_status: archive
userid: 699
dir: disk0/10/19/01/22
datestamp: 2024-04-08 16:16:40
lastmod: 2024-04-08 16:16:40
status_changed: 2024-04-08 16:16:40
type: article
metadata_visibility: show
sword_depositor: 699
creators_name: De-Loyde, K
creators_name: Ferrar, J
creators_name: Pilling, MA
creators_name: Hollands, GJ
creators_name: Clarke, N
creators_name: Matthews, JA
creators_name: Maynard, OM
creators_name: Wood, T
creators_name: Heath, C
creators_name: Munafò, MR
creators_name: Attwood, AS
title: The impact of introducing alcohol-free beer options in bars and public houses on alcohol sales and revenue: A randomised crossover field trial
ispublished: pub
divisions: UCL
divisions: B16
divisions: B14
divisions: J81
keywords: alcohol, alcohol‐free, draught beer, public health, revenue, sales
note: © 2024 The Authors. Addiction published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society for the Study of Addiction.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
abstract: Aims: The study aimed to estimate the impact of introducing a draught alcohol-free beer, thereby increasing the relative availability of these products, on alcohol sales and monetary takings in bars and pubs in England. Design: Randomised crossover field trial. Setting: England. Participants: Fourteen venues that did not previously sell draught alcohol-free beer. Intervention and comparator: Venues completed two intervention periods and two control periods in a randomised order over 8 weeks. Intervention periods involved replacing one draught alcoholic beer with an alcohol-free beer. Control periods operated business as usual. Measurements: The primary outcome was mean weekly volume (in litres) of draught alcoholic beer sold. The secondary outcome was mean weekly revenue [in GBP (£)] from all drinks. Analyses adjusted for randomised order, special events, season and busyness. Findings: The adjusted mean difference in weekly sales of draught alcoholic beer was −20 L [95% confidence interval (CI) = −41 to +0.4], equivalent to a 4% reduction (95% CI = 8% reduction to 0.1% increase) in the volume of alcoholic draught beer sold when draught alcohol-free beer was available. Excluding venues that failed at least one fidelity check resulted in an adjusted mean difference of −29 L per week (95% CI = −53 to −5), equivalent to a 5% reduction (95% CI = 8% reduction to 0.8% reduction). The adjusted mean difference in weekly revenue was +61 GBP per week (95% CI = −328 to +450), equivalent to a 1% increase (95% CI = 5% decrease to 7% increase) when draught alcohol-free beer was available. Conclusions: Introducing a draught alcohol-free beer in bars and pubs in England reduced the volume of draught alcoholic beer sold by 4% to 5%, with no evidence of the intervention impacting net revenue.
date: 2024-01-01
date_type: published
official_url: https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16449
oa_status: green
full_text_type: pub
language: eng
primo: open
primo_central: open_green
verified: verified_manual
elements_id: 2264281
doi: 10.1111/add.16449
medium: Print-Electronic
lyricists_name: Hollands, Gareth
lyricists_id: GJHOL68
actors_name: Flynn, Bernadette
actors_id: BFFLY94
actors_role: owner
funding_acknowledgements: 206853/Z/17/Z [Wellcome Trust]; MC_UU_00011/7 [Medical Research Council]
full_text_status: public
publication: Addiction
event_location: England
issn: 0965-2140
citation:        De-Loyde, K;    Ferrar, J;    Pilling, MA;    Hollands, GJ;    Clarke, N;    Matthews, JA;    Maynard, OM;                 ... Attwood, AS; + view all <#>        De-Loyde, K;  Ferrar, J;  Pilling, MA;  Hollands, GJ;  Clarke, N;  Matthews, JA;  Maynard, OM;  Wood, T;  Heath, C;  Munafò, MR;  Attwood, AS;   - view fewer <#>    (2024)    The impact of introducing alcohol-free beer options in bars and public houses on alcohol sales and revenue: A randomised crossover field trial.                   Addiction        10.1111/add.16449 <https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16449>.       Green open access   
 
document_url: https://discovery-pp.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10190122/1/The%20impact%20of%20introducing%20alcohol%20free%20beer%20options%20in%20bars%20and%20public%20houses.pdf