@article{discovery1536057,
            year = {2017},
         journal = {Cell Death \& Disease},
          volume = {8},
           title = {Antiphospholipid antibodies enhance rat neonatal cardiomyocyte apoptosis in an in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation injury model via p38 MAPK},
            note = {Cell Death and Disease is an open-access journal published by Nature Publishing Group. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.},
          number = {1},
           month = {January},
        abstract = {A significant amount of myocardial damage during a myocardial infarction (MI) occurs during the reperfusion stage, termed ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and accounts for up to 50\% of total infarcted tissue post-MI. During the reperfusion phase, a complex interplay of multiple pathways and mechanisms is activated, which ultimately leads to cell death, primarily through apoptosis. There is some evidence from a lupus mouse model that lupus IgG, specifically the antiphospholipid (aPL) antibody subset, is pathogenic in mesenteric I/R injury. Furthermore, it has previously been shown that the immunodominant epitope for the majority of circulating pathogenic aPLs resides in the N-terminal domain I (DI) of beta-2 glycoprotein I ({\ensuremath{\beta}}2GPI). This study describes the enhanced pathogenic effect of purified IgG derived from patients with lupus and/or the antiphospholipid syndrome in a cardiomyocyte H/R in vitro model. Furthermore, we have demonstrated a pathogenic role for aPL containing samples, mediated via aPL-{\ensuremath{\beta}}2GPI interactions, resulting in activation of the pro-apoptotic p38 MAPK pathway. This was shown to be inhibited using a recombinant human peptide of domain I of {\ensuremath{\beta}}2GPI in the fluid phase, suggesting that the pathogenic anti-{\ensuremath{\beta}}2GPI antibodies in this in vitro model target this domain.},
             url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2016.235},
          author = {Bourke, LT and McDonnell, T and McCormick, J and Pericleous, C and Ripoll, VM and Giles, I and Rahman, A and Stephanou, A and Ioannou, Y},
            issn = {2041-4889}
}