Cioffi, Elena; Hutber, Anna; Molloy, Rob; Murden, Sarah; Yurkewich, Aaron; Kirton, Adam; Lin, Jean-Pierre; ... McClelland, Verity M; + view all Cioffi, Elena; Hutber, Anna; Molloy, Rob; Murden, Sarah; Yurkewich, Aaron; Kirton, Adam; Lin, Jean-Pierre; Gimeno, Hortensia; McClelland, Verity M; - view fewer (2024) EEG-based sensorimotor neurofeedback for motor neurorehabilitation in children and adults: A scoping review. [Review]. Clinical Neurophysiology , 167 pp. 143-166. 10.1016/j.clinph.2024.08.009.

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Abstract

Objective: Therapeutic interventions for children and young people with dystonia and dystonic/dyskinetic cerebral palsy are limited. EEG-based neurofeedback is emerging as a neurorehabilitation tool. This scoping review maps research investigating EEG-based sensorimotor neurofeedback in adults and children with neurological motor impairments, including augmentative strategies. / Methods: MEDLINE, CINAHL and Web of Science databases were searched up to 2023 for relevant studies. Study selection and data extraction were conducted independently by at least two reviewers. / Results: Of 4380 identified studies, 133 were included, only three enrolling children. The most common diagnosis was adult-onset stroke (77%). Paradigms mostly involved upper limb motor imagery or motor attempt. Common neurofeedback modes included visual, haptic and/or electrical stimulation. EEG parameters varied widely and were often incompletely described. Two studies applied augmentative strategies. Outcome measures varied widely and included classification accuracy of the Brain-Computer Interface, degree of enhancement of mu rhythm modulation or other neurophysiological parameters, and clinical/motor outcome scores. Few studies investigated whether functional outcomes related specifically to the EEG-based neurofeedback. / Conclusions: There is limited evidence exploring EEG-based sensorimotor neurofeedback in individuals with movement disorders, especially in children. Further clarity of neurophysiological parameters is required to develop optimal paradigms for evaluating sensorimotor neurofeedback. / Significance: The expanding field of sensorimotor neurofeedback offers exciting potential as a non-invasive therapy. However, this needs to be balanced by robust study design and detailed methodological reporting to ensure reproducibility and validation that clinical improvements relate to induced neurophysiological changes.

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