Shiba, K;
Kondo, N;
Kondo, K;
Kawachi, I;
(2017)
Retirement and mental health: Dose social participation mitigate the association? A fixed-effects longitudinal analysis.
BMC Public Health
, 17
, Article 526. 10.1186/s12889-017-4427-0.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Empirical evidence investigating heterogeneous impact of retirement on mental health depending on social backgrounds is lacking, especially among older adults. METHODS: We examined the impact of changes in working status on changes in mental health using Japanese community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years participating in the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study between 2010 and 2013 (N = 62,438). Between-waves changes in working status ("Kept working", "Retired", "Started work", or "Continuously retired") were used to predict changes in depressive symptoms measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale. First-difference regression models were stratified by gender, controlling for changes in time-varying confounding actors including equivalised household income, marital status, instrumental activities of daily living, incidence of serious illnesses and family caregiving. We then examined the interactions between changes in working status and occupational class, changes in marital status, and post-retirement social participation. RESULTS: Participants who transitioned to retirement reported significantly increased depressive symptoms (β = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.21-0.45 for men, and β = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.13-0.45 for women) compared to those who kept working. Men who were continuously retired reported increased depressive symptoms (β = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.05-0.20), whereas males who started work reported decreased depressive symptoms (β = -0.20, 95% CI: -0.38 - 0.02). Men from lower occupational class (compared to men from higher class) reported more increase in depressive symptoms when continuously retired (β = -0.16, 95% CI: -0.25 - 0.08). Those reporting recreational social participation after retirement appeared to be less influenced by transition to retirement. CONCLUSIONS: Retirement may increase depressive symptoms among Japanese older adults, particularly men from lower occupational class backgrounds. Encouraging recreational social participation may mitigate the adverse effects of retirement on mental health of Japanese older men.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Retirement and mental health: Dose social participation mitigate the association? A fixed-effects longitudinal analysis |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1186/s12889-017-4427-0 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4427-0 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | © 2017 The Author(s). This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
| Keywords: | Retirement, Mental health, Social participation, Fixed-effects, Japan, Older adults |
| URI: | https://discovery-pp.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10027936 |
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