Ku, P-W;
Steptoe, A;
Lai, Y-J;
Hu, H-Y;
Chu, D;
Yen, Y-F;
Liao, Y;
(2019)
The Associations between Near Visual Activity and Incident Myopia in Children: A Nationwide 4-Year Follow-up Study.
Ophthalmology
, 126
(2)
pp. 214-220.
10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.05.010.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This nationwide population-based study aimed to examine the prospective association between near visual activities and incident myopia in Taiwanese children 7 to 12 years old over a 4-year follow-up period. DESIGN: Prospective cohort design. PARTICIPANTS: There were 1958 children aged 7 to 12 years from the Taiwan 2009 National Health Interview Survey who were linked to the 2009 through 2013 claims data from the National Health Insurance system. METHODS: Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the associations between 3 types of near visual activities in sedentary posture, namely reading (< 0.5, 0.5-0.9, ≥1.0 hours per day [h/d]), use of computer, Internet, and games (<0.5, 0.5-0.9, ≥1.0 h/d), and "cram school" attendance (<0.5, 0.5-1.9, ≥2.0 h/d), and incident myopia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalent myopia was defined as those who had ≥2 ambulatory care claims (International Classification of Diseases code 367.1) in 2008-2009. Incident myopia was defined by those who had at least 2 ambulatory care claims (International Classification of Diseases code 367.1) during the 4-year follow-up period (2010-2013) after excluding prevalent cases. RESULTS: Overall, 26.8% of children had myopia at baseline, and 27.7% of those without myopia at baseline developed incident myopia between 2010 and 2013. On average, they spent 0.68±0.86 h/d on computer/Internet use, 0.63±0.67 h/d on reading, and 2.78±3.53 h/d on cram school. The results showed that children attending cram schools ≥2 h/d (hazard ratio, 1.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.68) had a higher risk of incident myopia. The effects of these activities remained similar in sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Cram school attendance for ≥2 h/d may increase the risk of children's incident myopia. This effect may be due to increased near visual activity or reduced time outdoors.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | The Associations between Near Visual Activity and Incident Myopia in Children: A Nationwide 4-Year Follow-up Study |
| Location: | United States |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.05.010 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.05.010 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions. |
| Keywords: | incidence, near-sightedness, short-sightedness, elementary school, close visual activity |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute of Epidemiology and Health UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute of Epidemiology and Health > Behavioural Science and Health |
| URI: | https://discovery-pp.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10051572 |
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