Turner, SD; (2018) Air Pollution. In: López Varela, SL, (ed.) The Encyclopedia of Archaeological Sciences. Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, USA.

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Abstract

Air pollution and human industrial activity are inextricably linked. Early human‐generated atmospheric contaminants were released through the combustion of fuels for heating, cooking, and manufacturing. Industrial air pollution episodes likely first occurred during early metal‐ore processing, as a result of the high‐temperature combustion of fuels, the transformation of metal ores, and an atmospheric discharge of waste. Evidence of increased mortality as a direct consequence of early air pollution is limited, owing to other confounding pathological factors. The Industrial Revolution led to the modern concept of air pollution as a result of the release of gases and particulates from the combustion of fossil fuels in populated areas. Scientific understanding and technological and social changes reduced some impacts of nineteenth–twentieth‐century air pollution, but the global population growth and the continued reliance on fossil fuels have allowed air pollution to endure and grow

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