Zhai, K;
Gao, X;
Zhang, Y;
Wu, M;
(2019)
Perceived sustainable urbanization based on geographically hierarchical data structures in Nanjing, China.
Sustainability
, 11
(8)
, Article 2289. 10.3390/su11082289.
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Abstract
Concentrating on geographically hierarchical data structures and using large-scale satisfaction survey data in Nanjing, this study employs Bayesian spatial multilevel model (MLM) to evaluate Nanjing's perceived sustainable urbanization. In this study, we consider the geographically hierarchical data structures and the city's individual perceptions of sustainable urbanization to explore the effect of environment and self-rated health on perceived sustainable urbanization, controlling for individual sociodemographic attributes and household. Through clarifying the spatial dependence and heterogeneity, this paper provides a flexible framework for assessing sustainable urbanization and dealing with the geographical hierarchical data. In particular, by drawing on existing studies, our questionnaire is more representative of the overall characteristics of Nanjing's population than census data, which can be helpful for understanding whether urbanization is sustainable from individual perspective and further for correcting practices. Based on a survey of 10,077 questionnaires, this paper finds the geographically hierarchical data structures have significantly influenced the evaluation of sustainable urbanization, and the Bayesian spatial MLM is an effective tool for evaluating China's sustainable urbanization. In particular, this paper takes spatial effects into consideration and compares the geographically hierarchical data. Results show that spatial patterns significantly influence the assessment of sustainable urbanization, and perceived pollution, age, education level, and income are the four key factors influencing individual perceived sustainable urbanization.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Perceived sustainable urbanization based on geographically hierarchical data structures in Nanjing, China |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.3390/su11082289 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082289 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
| Keywords: | sustainable urbanization; sustainability evaluation; geographically hierarchical data; sustainable cities; urban development; spatial statistics |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of the Built Environment UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of the Built Environment > The Bartlett School of Planning |
| URI: | https://discovery-pp.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10091969 |
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