Galkowski, J; Marchand, P; Spence, EA; (2021) Eigenvalues of the truncated Helmholtz solution operator under strong trapping. SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis , 53 (6) pp. 6724-6770. 10.1137/21M1399658.

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Abstract

For the Helmholtz equation posed in the exterior of a Dirichlet obstacle, we prove that if there exists a family of quasimodes (as is the case when the exterior of the obstacle has stable trapped rays), then there exist near-zero eigenvalues of the standard variational formulation of the exterior Dirichlet problem (recall that this formulation involves truncating the exterior domain and applying the exterior Dirichlet-to-Neumann map on the truncation boundary). Our motivation for proving this result is that (a) the finite-element method for computing approximations to solutions of the Helmholtz equation is based on the standard variational formulation, and (b) the location of eigenvalues, and especially near-zero ones, plays a key role in understanding how iterative solvers such as the generalized minimum residual method (GMRES) behave when used to solve linear systems, in particular those arising from the finite-element method. The result proved in this paper is thus the first step towards rigorously understanding how GMRES behaves when applied to discretizations of high-frequency Helmholtz problems under strong trapping (the subject of the companion paper [P. Marchand et al., Adv. Comput. Math., to appear]).

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