Wong, LH;
Edgar, JR;
Martello, A;
Ferguson, BJ;
Eden, ER;
(2021)
Exploiting Connections for Viral Replication.
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
, 9
, Article 640456.. 10.3389/fcell.2021.640456.
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Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic, is a positive strand RNA (+RNA) virus. Like other +RNA viruses, SARS-CoV-2 is dependent on host cell metabolic machinery to survive and replicate, remodeling cellular membranes to generate sites of viral replication. Viral RNA-containing double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) are a striking feature of +RNA viral replication and are abundant in SARS-CoV-2–infected cells. Their generation involves rewiring of host lipid metabolism, including lipid biosynthetic pathways. Viruses can also redirect lipids from host cell organelles; lipid exchange at membrane contact sites, where the membranes of adjacent organelles are in close apposition, has been implicated in the replication of several +RNA viruses. Here we review current understanding of DMV biogenesis. With a focus on the exploitation of contact site machinery by +RNA viruses to generate replication organelles, we discuss evidence that similar mechanisms support SARS-CoV-2 replication, protecting its RNA from the host cell immune response.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Exploiting Connections for Viral Replication |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fcell.2021.640456 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.640456 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | Copyright © 2021 Wong, Edgar, Martello, Ferguson and Eden. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
| Keywords: | Membrane contact sites (MCS), double membrane vesicles (DMVs), SARS-CoV-2, viral replication, lipid transport |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > Institute of Ophthalmology |
| URI: | https://discovery-pp.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10128072 |
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