García-Ayllón, M-S;
Moreno-Pérez, O;
García-Arriaza, J;
Ramos-Rincón, J-M;
Cortés-Gómez, M-Á;
Brinkmalm, G;
Andrés, M;
... Sáez-Valero, J; + view all
(2021)
Plasma ACE2 species are differentially altered in COVID-19 patients.
FASEB Journal
, 35
(8)
, Article e21745. 10.1096/fj.202100051R.
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Abstract
Studies are needed to identify useful biomarkers to assess the severity and prognosis of COVID-19 disease, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Here, we examine the levels of various plasma species of the SARS-CoV-2 host receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), in patients at different phases of the infection. Human plasma ACE2 species were characterized by immunoprecipitation and western blotting employing antibodies against the ectodomain and the C-terminal domain, using a recombinant human ACE2 protein as control. In addition, changes in the cleaved and full-length ACE2 species were also examined in serum samples derived from humanized K18-hACE2 mice challenged with a lethal dose of SARS-CoV-2. ACE2 immunoreactivity was present in human plasma as several molecular mass species that probably comprise truncated (70 and 75 kDa) and full-length forms (95, 100, 130, and 170 kDa). COVID-19 patients in the acute phase of infection (n = 46) had significantly decreased levels of ACE2 full-length species, while a truncated 70-kDa form was marginally higher compared with non-disease controls (n = 26). Levels of ACE2 full-length species were in the normal range in patients after a recovery period with an interval of 58-70 days (n = 29), while the 70-kDa species decreased. Levels of the truncated ACE2 species served to discriminate between individuals infected by SARS-CoV-2 and those infected with influenza A virus (n = 17). In conclusion, specific plasma ACE2 species are altered in patients with COVID-19 and these changes normalize during the recovery phase. Alterations in ACE2 species following SARS-CoV-2 infection warrant further investigation regarding their potential usefulness as biomarkers for the disease process and to asses efficacy during vaccination.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Plasma ACE2 species are differentially altered in COVID-19 patients |
| Location: | United States |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1096/fj.202100051R |
| Publisher version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fj.202100051R |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. © 2021 The Authors. The FASEB Journal published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology |
| Keywords: | ACE2, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, biomarker, plasma, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, Biomarkers, Brain Chemistry, COVID-19, Colon, Female, Humans, Liver, Male, Middle Aged, SARS-CoV-2, Saliva |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology > Neurodegenerative Diseases |
| URI: | https://discovery-pp.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10131525 |
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