Robinson, GA;
Peng, J;
Peckham, H;
Radziszewska, A;
Butler, G;
Pineda-Torra, I;
Jury, EC;
(2021)
Sex hormones drive changes in lipoprotein metabolism.
iScience
, Article 103257. 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103257.
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Abstract
Summary Women have a reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk compared to men which could be partially driven by sex hormones influencing lipid levels post-puberty. The interrelationship between sex hormones and lipids was explored in pre-pubertal children, young post-pubertal cis-men/women, and transgender individuals on cross-sex-hormone treatment (trans-men/women) using serum metabolomics assessing 149 lipids. High-density lipoproteins (HDL, typically atheroprotective) were significantly increased and very-low- and low-density lipoproteins (typically atherogenic) were significantly decreased in post-pubertal cis-women compared to cis-men. These differences were not observed pre-puberty and were induced appropriately by cross-sex-hormone treatment in transgender individuals, supporting that sex hormones regulate lipid metabolism in vivo. Only atheroprotective apolipoprotein (Apo)A1 expressing lipoproteins (HDL) were differentially expressed between all hormonally unique comparisons. Thus, oestradiol drives a typically atheroprotective lipid profile through upregulation of HDL/ApoA1 which could contribute to the sexual dimorphism observed in CVD risk post-puberty. Together, this could inform sex-specific therapeutic strategies for CVD management.
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