Wang, Fengwen;
Wang, Weiru;
Zhao, Daiyin;
Liu, Jiaxin;
Lu, Peili;
Rose, Neil L;
Zhang, Gan;
(2022)
Source apportionment and wet deposition of atmospheric poly- and per-fluoroalkyl substances in a metropolitan city centre of southwest China.
Atmospheric Environment
, 273
, Article 118983. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.118983.
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Fengwen Wang_Revised manuscript umarked_PFAS_Atmos Env_2022.pdf - Accepted Version Download (1MB) | Preview |
Abstract
Sixty rainwater samples were collected covering four seasons from July 2020 to April 2021 from the center of Chongqing, a metropolitan city of southwest China, using automatic deposition sampler. The samples were analysed for 17 targeted poly- and per-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) by HPLC-MS/MS. The concentration of PFASs ranged from 3.31 ng/L to 196.14 ng/L and dominated by perfluoro-n-octanoic acid (PFOA), perfluoro-n-hexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluoro-n-butanoic acid (PFBA) and sodium perfluoro-1-octanesulfonate (PFOS). The seasonal variations of dissolved and particulate PFAS were distinct, with the highest level in summer and autumn, respectively. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) and a wet deposition model were performed to apportion the sources and estimate the wet deposition flux of the 17 PFASs, respectively. PMF analysis indicated that, based on yearly average, paper packaging production (37.4%) and aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) usage (29.8%) were the two major sources, followed by textile production (16.7%) and electronic product manufacturing (16.1%). The highest source contributor for PFASs in winter was AFFF usage (47.0%); while in the other three seasons, it was paper packaging production that contributed the most (50.1%, 39.8% and 34.8% respectively). Seasonal average wet deposition flux of PFASs was estimated to be 13.9 ng/m2/day. The dry deposition of PFASs was estimated to account for 15.8% of the total atmospheric deposition flux, suggesting a more important role for wet deposition. The results of this study provide important information for understanding of PFASs occurrence and atmospheric wet deposition in Chongqing, and other urban centers across China.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Source apportionment and wet deposition of atmospheric poly- and per-fluoroalkyl substances in a metropolitan city centre of southwest China |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.118983 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.118983 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher's terms and conditions. |
| Keywords: | Source apportionment, Wet deposition, PFASs, Metropolitan city centre |
| UCL classification: | UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL SLASH > Faculty of S&HS UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL SLASH > Faculty of S&HS > Dept of Geography UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL SLASH UCL |
| URI: | https://discovery-pp.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10143232 |
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