Bash, S; Cesar, J; Deuerling, G; Dodwell, T; Germani, S; Mánek, P; Niner, E; ... Wilcer, N; + view all Bash, S; Cesar, J; Deuerling, G; Dodwell, T; Germani, S; Mánek, P; Niner, E; Norman, A; Thomas, J; Tingey, J; Wilcer, N; - view fewer (2022) Low-latency NuMI trigger for the CHIPS-5 neutrino detector. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment , 1030 , Article 166513. 10.1016/j.nima.2022.166513.

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Abstract

The CHIPS R&D Project aims to develop affordable large-scale water Cherenkov neutrino detectors for underwater deployment. In 2019, a 5kt prototype detector CHIPS-5 was deployed in northern Minnesota to potentially study neutrinos generated by the NuMI beam. This paper presents the dedicated low-latency triggering system for CHIPS-5 that delivers notifications of neutrino spills from the Fermilab accelerator complex to the detector with sub-nanosecond precision. Building on existing NOνA infrastructure, the time distribution system achieves this using only open-source software and conventional computing and network elements. In a time-of-flight study, the system reliably provided advance notifications 610±330ms prior to neutrino spills at 96% efficiency. This permits advanced analysis in real-time as well as hardware-assisted triggering that saves data bandwidth and reduces DAQ computing load outside time windows of interest.

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