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Experimental testing of a real aggregator system performing rigorous optimal control of electrical and thermal storage

Challen, C; Jensen, M; Skarvelis-Kazakos, S; (2021) Experimental testing of a real aggregator system performing rigorous optimal control of electrical and thermal storage. Journal of Energy Storage , 43 , Article 103188. 10.1016/j.est.2021.103188. Green open access

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Abstract

This paper provides an experimentally validated optimal control approach based on a Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) model for optimising aggregated distributed energy resources across multiple energy carriers. The research incorporates nonlinear effects arising from storage degradation, conversion efficiency and self-discharge as well as multiple energy carrier storage. A semi-Lagrangian HJB solver was implemented on low-cost digital controllers, and integrated into a real fully functional cloud-based aggregation platform. The computational cost is kept at a minimum, enabling on-line computations on the low-cost controller, while maintaining a rigorous proof of convergence to the theoretical value function of the nonlinear, non-convex optimal control problem. The controller links into a distributed optimal control platform that is using local as well as cloud-based information and performs all the computation and decision-making locally. The distributed controllers were tested and validated on site with an electrical and a thermal storage device. Experimental results confirm that the framework is practical, accommodates nonlinear effects and inaccurate external forecasts, has a small computational cost, is robust and can deliver significant cost benefits to the stakeholders.

Type: Article
Title: Experimental testing of a real aggregator system performing rigorous optimal control of electrical and thermal storage
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2021.103188
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.103188
Language: English
Additional information: This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher's terms and conditions.
Keywords: Energy storage, Optimal control, Energy management, Aggregation, Multiple energy carriers, Integrated energy system
UCL classification: UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences > Dept of Mathematics
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS
UCL
URI: https://discovery-pp.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10156975
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