Farran, Emily Kate;
Purser, Harry Robert McSweeney;
Jarrold, Christopher;
Thomas, Michael;
Scerif, Gaia;
Stojanovik, Vesna;
Van Herwegen, Jo;
(2022)
Cross-sectional and longitudinal assessment of cognitive development in Williams syndrome.
PsyArXiv Preprints: Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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Abstract
Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic syndrome. As with all rare syndromes, obtaining adequately powered sample sizes is a challenge. Here we present legacy data from seven UK labs, enabling the characterisation of cross-sectional and longitudinal developmental trajectories of verbal and non-verbal development in the largest sample of individuals with WS to-date. In Study 1, we report cross-sectional data from between N=102 and N=209 children and adults with WS on measures of verbal and non-verbal ability. In Study 2, we report longitudinal data from N=17 to N=54 children and adults with WS who had been tested on at least three timepoints on these measures. Data support the WS characteristic cognitive profile of stronger verbal than non-verbal ability, and shallow developmental progression for both domains. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal data demonstrate steeper rates of development in the child participants than the adolescent and adults in our sample. Cross-sectional data indicate steeper development in verbal than non-verbal ability, and that individual differences in the discrepancy between verbal and non-verbal ability are largely accounted for by level of intellectual functioning. A diverging developmental discrepancy between verbal and non-verbal ability, whilst marginal, is not mirrored statistically in the longitudinal data. Cross-sectional and longitudinal data are discussed with reference to validating cross-sectional developmental patterns using longitudinal data and the importance of individual differences in understanding developmental progression.
| Type: | Working / discussion paper |
|---|---|
| Title: | Cross-sectional and longitudinal assessment of cognitive development in Williams syndrome |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.31234/osf.io/49uxv |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/49uxv |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | © The Authors 2022. Original content in this pre-print is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
| Keywords: | cognitive development, individual differences, longitudinal data, non-verbal ability, verbal ability, Williams syndrome |
| UCL classification: | UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Education > UCL Institute of Education UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Education > UCL Institute of Education > IOE - Psychology and Human Development UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Education UCL |
| URI: | https://discovery-pp.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10158330 |
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