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Computer aided detection of tuberculosis on chest radiographs: An evaluation of the CAD4TB v6 system

Murphy, Keelin; Habib, Shifa Salman; Zaidi, Syed Mohammad Asad; Khowaja, Saira; Khan, Aamir; Melendez, Jaime; Scholten, Ernst T; ... van Ginneken, Bram; + view all (2020) Computer aided detection of tuberculosis on chest radiographs: An evaluation of the CAD4TB v6 system. Scientific Reports , 10 (1) , Article 5492. 10.1038/s41598-020-62148-y. Green open access

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Abstract

There is a growing interest in the automated analysis of chest X-Ray (CXR) as a sensitive and inexpensive means of screening susceptible populations for pulmonary tuberculosis. In this work we evaluate the latest version of CAD4TB, a commercial software platform designed for this purpose. Version 6 of CAD4TB was released in 2018 and is here tested on a fully independent dataset of 5565 CXR images with GeneXpert (Xpert) sputum test results available (854 Xpert positive subjects). A subset of 500 subjects (50% Xpert positive) was reviewed and annotated by 5 expert observers independently to obtain a radiological reference standard. The latest version of CAD4TB is found to outperform all previous versions in terms of area under receiver operating curve (ROC) with respect to both Xpert and radiological reference standards. Improvements with respect to Xpert are most apparent at high sensitivity levels with a specificity of 76% obtained at a fixed 90% sensitivity. When compared with the radiological reference standard, CAD4TB v6 also outperformed previous versions by a considerable margin and achieved 98% specificity at the 90% sensitivity setting. No substantial difference was found between the performance of CAD4TB v6 and any of the various expert observers against the Xpert reference standard. A cost and efficiency analysis on this dataset demonstrates that in a standard clinical situation, operating at 90% sensitivity, users of CAD4TB v6 can process 132 subjects per day at an average cost per screen of $5.95 per subject, while users of version 3 process only 85 subjects per day at a cost of $8.38 per subject. At all tested operating points version 6 is shown to be more efficient and cost effective than any other version.

Type: Article
Title: Computer aided detection of tuberculosis on chest radiographs: An evaluation of the CAD4TB v6 system
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62148-y
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-62148-y
Language: English
Additional information: © 2022 Springer Nature Limited. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Keywords: Radiography, Tuberculosis
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute for Global Health
URI: https://discovery-pp.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10161598
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