Bamberger, Annette; Kim, Min Ji; (2022) The OECD’s influence on national higher education policies: internationalisation in Israel and South Korea. Comparative Education 10.1080/03050068.2022.2147635. (In press).

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Abstract

An extensive literature has explored the influence of the OECD on school education policies globally, while their influence on higher education policies has been underexamined. This article addresses that void by analysing the internationalisation of higher education in Israel and South Korea. We suggest that joining the OECD provided political legitimacy for both countries and that the OECD comparative metrics and guidelines were crucial in generating anxieties about their underperformance in the global market for international students. These metrics served as benchmarks for internationalisation policies and shaped the foci, aims and definitions of success (i.e. parity with OECD averages). The desire to compete spurred cross-national policy referencing and borrowing, initially with little adaptation resulting in a form of ‘prefabricated internationalisation’. Over time, the (im)balance between global aspiration and local realities resulted in localisation. We argue that policy isomorphism is overstated, and call for the recognition of complexity in the convergence debate. // 经合组织对各国学校教育政策的影响已有大量文献探讨，而其对高等教育政策的影响尚未得到充分研究。通过对以色列和韩国高等教育国际化的归纳定性分析，本文填补这一空白。我们认为，加入经合组织为两国提供了政治合法性，而经合组织的比较指标和准则，使两国因在全球留学生市场中的不佳表现而产生焦虑。这些指标成为衡量国际化政策的标尺，并形塑成功之重点、目标与定义（即与经合组织平均水平持平）。竞争的渴望激发跨国政策参考与借鉴，并在初始时不加调整，导致一种 “预制国际化” 的形式。随着时间推移，全球愿景与本土现实之间的平衡（失衡）产生了在地化。我们认为，政策同构被夸大，并呼吁在对趋同的讨论中认识其复杂性。

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