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Using Genetically Informative Family Data to Examine the Early Development of Complex Traits

Austerberry, Chloe; (2023) Using Genetically Informative Family Data to Examine the Early Development of Complex Traits. Doctoral thesis (Ph.D), UCL (University College London). Green open access

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Abstract

This thesis triangulates evidence from three genetically sensitive family designs—classical twin studies, a parent-offspring adoption study, and genomic analysis of mother-father-child trios—to explore the roles of genotypes, environments, and interplay between the two, in the development of complex traits. It uses these designs to address two unresolved questions: (1) What are the earliest manifestations of genetic and environmental influences on psychological, developmental, and academic traits? (2) Are the effects of genetic influences on academic outcomes environmentally mediated via evoked differences in the early caregiving environment? These questions were explored in four empirical chapters: The first systematically reviewed and meta-analysed the large twin study literature on genetic and shared and nonshared environmental influences on individual differences in psychological traits and developmental milestones in infancy. The second examined the earliest manifestations of genetic influences on academic abilities, demonstrating that variation in language may be an important early manifestation of genetic influences on later academic performance. The third and fourth chapters examined, using two different genetically informative methods (the adoption design and genomic analysis of mother-father-child trios), whether the effects of genetic influences on academic performance were mediated via evoked differences in early caregiving. One, but not the other, found evidence that parents may adjust their parenting based on their children’s education-associated genetic predispositions. Neither found evidence that parenting mediated genetic effects on academic performance, but they did both replicate the finding that language mediates genetic effects on academic performance. Overall, this thesis provides new information about the earliest manifestations of genetic and environmental effects, and interplay between the two, on individual differences in complex traits. In doing so it demonstrates that genetically sensitive family-based research can be leveraged not only to further knowledge of genetic influences but also to better understand environmental pathways in complex trait development.

Type: Thesis (Doctoral)
Qualification: Ph.D
Title: Using Genetically Informative Family Data to Examine the Early Development of Complex Traits
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
Language: English
Additional information: Copyright © The Author 2022. Original content in this thesis is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) Licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Any third-party copyright material present remains the property of its respective owner(s) and is licensed under its existing terms. Access may initially be restricted at the author’s request.
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > Div of Psychology and Lang Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > Div of Psychology and Lang Sciences > Clinical, Edu and Hlth Psychology
URI: https://discovery-pp.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10163866
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