Qiu, Chengwu; Odarchenko, Yaroslav; Lezcano-Gonzalez, Ines; Meng, Qingwei; Slater, Tom; Xu, Shaojun; Beale, Andrew M; (2023) Visualising Co nanoparticle aggregation and encapsulation in Co/TiO2 catalysts and its mitigation through surfactant residues. Journal of Catalysis , 419 pp. 58-67. 10.1016/j.jcat.2023.02.002. (In press).

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Abstract

Due to the reducible nature of TiO2, the encapsulation of cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) by reduced TiO2-x is often reported to decrease their catalytic performance in reactions such as Fisher-Tropsch synthesis (FTS). Here, we show using HAADF-STEM imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) that a residual C12E4 surfactant used to prepare the CoNPs, remains on the surface of a TiO2 rutile support, preventing the formation of Ti3+/Ti2+ oxides and therefore TiO2-x migration. Furthermore, the presence of these surfactant residues prevents the coalescence and aggregation of CoNPs during catalyst preparation, maintaining the dispersion of CoNPs. As such, using C12E4 in the preparation of Co/TiO2 can be considered beneficial for producing a catalyst with a greater number of active Co species.

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