Hashmi, Muhammad Abdur Rehman;
Brennan, Paul V;
(2023)
An Antenna Solution for Glacial Environmental Sensor Networks.
IEEE Access
, 11
pp. 61813-61828.
10.1109/access.2023.3287492.
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Abstract
Antennas used in glacial environmental sensor networks and reported in the last two decades have been reviewed. A link budget framework for designing such antenna systems is presented and used to design an antenna system for deployment at the Thwaites glacier, Antarctica. Design details of two left hand circularly polarized cross dipole antennas, one for englacial sensor probes and the other for supraglacial surface receivers are presented. The probe antenna is a 3D bent cross dipole that fits within a borehole of 8 cm diameter while providing a 1 dBic gain at 433 MHz in ice. The surface receiver antenna is a planar printed antenna providing a gain of 6.1 dBic with a quarter wave reflector. Both antennas provide 3 dB beamwidths of at least 50° in the xz and yz vertical planes catering for transmitter-receiver antenna misalignments caused by extended deployments. The antennas displayed good circular polarization and polarization purity traits. The 3 dB axial ratio bandwidths of both the antennas remained 54.9 %. The total efficiencies of the bent cross dipole and the surface receiver antennas were noted as 69.7 % and 86.9 % respectively. Lastly, the 433 MHz band has been validated for achieving englacial communication ranges of up to 2300 metres.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | An Antenna Solution for Glacial Environmental Sensor Networks |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1109/access.2023.3287492 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3287492 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License. For more information, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. |
| Keywords: | Englacial sensor probe, link budget framework, cross dipole, glacier monitoring, bent cross dipole, planar printed antenna, 433 MHz frequency, communication through ice, Thwaites project |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science > Engineering Science Faculty Office |
| URI: | https://discovery-pp.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10172577 |
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