Fasseeh, Ahmad;
ElEzbawy, Baher;
Adly, Wessam;
ElShahawy, Rawda;
George, Mohsen;
Abaza, Sherif;
ElShalakani, Amr;
(2022)
Healthcare financing in Egypt: a systematic literature review.
Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association
, 97
, Article 1. 10.1186/s42506-021-00089-8.
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Abstract
Background: The Egyptian healthcare system has multiple stakeholders, including a wide range of public and private healthcare providers and several financing agents. This study sheds light on the healthcare system’s financing mechanisms and the flow of funds in Egypt. It also explores the expected challenges facing the system with the upcoming changes.// Methods: We conducted a systematic review of relevant papers through the PubMed and Scopus search engines, in addition to searching gray literature through the ISPOR presentations database and the Google search engine. Articles related to Egypt’s healthcare system financing from 2009 to 2019 were chosen for full-text review. Data were aggregated to estimate budgets and financing routes.// Results: We analyzed the data of 56 out of 454 identified records. Governmental health expenditure represented approximately one-third of the total health expenditure (THE). Total health expenditure as a percent of gross domestic product (GDP) was almost stagnant in the last 12 years, with a median of 5.5%. The primary healthcare financing source is out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure, representing more than 60% of THE, followed by government spending through the Ministry of Finance, around 37% of THE. The pharmaceutical expenditure as a percent of THE ranged from 26.0 to 37.0%.// Conclusions: Although THE as an absolute number is increasing, total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP is declining. The Egyptian healthcare market is based mainly on OOP expenditures and the next period anticipates a shift toward more public spending after Universal Health Insurance gets implemented.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Healthcare financing in Egypt: a systematic literature review |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1186/s42506-021-00089-8 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s42506-021-00089-8 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | © The Author(s), 2023. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| Keywords: | Egypt, Healthcare financing, Health system, Health insurance, Healthcare system, Health expenditure, Healthcare budget, Total health expenditure, Out-of-pocket payments |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute of Epidemiology and Health |
| URI: | https://discovery-pp.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10176775 |
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