Janda, Kathryn; Liddiard, Rob; Ruyssevelt, Paul; (2022) 4DStock: Adding an organisational dimension to a 3D building stock model. In: Proceedings of European Council on an Energy-Efficient Economy Summer Study: Policy innovations to ensure, scale, and sustain action. (pp. pp. 199-209). eceee: Stockholm, Sweden.

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Abstract

Building stock models, such as University College London’s 3DStock, help us understand energy use across a building stock across time and space. 3DStock is currently used for decision-making and evidence gathering at the national and local policy levels in the UK. A novel innovation proposes to add an organisational dimension to the existing 3DStock model, turning it into a 4DStock model. This conceptual paper articulates some of the anticipated benefits and challenges of this effort, introducing why and how three dimensions could become four. The fourth organisational dimension is eventually intended to incorporate trends in building ownership and usership, with a particular focus on non-domestic buildings and commercial real estate. This organisational dimension is critical for setting agendas, creating agreement, and stimulating action because low-carbon technologies do not adopt themselves. By focusing exclusively on physical buildings and premises, stock models generally omit the human dimension of energy use, including ownership and usership. Organisational characteristics are particularly important in commercial real estate (CRE), which includes 50–75 % of the non-domestic building stock. Different sizes and types of building ownership—for example, large/SME; public/private/listed; owner-occupied or tenanted—have been shown to affect the shape and nature of organisational participation in energy efficiency schemes. Different sizes and types of building usership are also important. The concerns, capacities, and conditions of occupiers have been shown to affect their energy practices and cultures. Understanding these dynamics is essential as we move from theoretical models to practical actions. We need a better grip on both ‘achievable potential’ (the subset of technologies that are actually installed in practice) and ‘social potential’ which includes both how these technologies are used and other organisational behaviours. As an initial sketch of this field, the paper concentrates on how a 4DStock model would incorporate both technical and organisational variables related to occupiers. Further developments will be more useful for ongoing carbon accounting and planning in academia, government, and business.

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