UCL Discovery Stage
UCL home » Library Services » Electronic resources » UCL Discovery Stage

Clinician-Driven AI: Code-Free Self-Training on Public Data for Diabetic Retinopathy Referral

Korot, Edward; Gonçalves, Mariana Batista; Huemer, Josef; Beqiri, Sara; Khalid, Hagar; Kelly, Madeline; Chia, Mark; ... Keane, Pearse A; + view all (2023) Clinician-Driven AI: Code-Free Self-Training on Public Data for Diabetic Retinopathy Referral. JAMA Ophthalmology , 141 (11) pp. 1029-1036. 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2023.4508. Green open access

[thumbnail of Democratizing Clinican driven AI Self training with Code free AutoML and Public Data.pdf]
Preview
Text
Democratizing Clinican driven AI Self training with Code free AutoML and Public Data.pdf - Submitted Version

Download (526kB) | Preview

Abstract

Importance: Democratizing artificial intelligence (AI) enables model development by clinicians with a lack of coding expertise, powerful computing resources, and large, well-labeled data sets. // Objective: To determine whether resource-constrained clinicians can use self-training via automated machine learning (ML) and public data sets to design high-performing diabetic retinopathy classification models. // Design, Setting, and Participants: This diagnostic quality improvement study was conducted from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021. A self-training method without coding was used on 2 public data sets with retinal images from patients in France (Messidor-2 [n = 1748]) and the UK and US (EyePACS [n = 58 689]) and externally validated on 1 data set with retinal images from patients of a private Egyptian medical retina clinic (Egypt [n = 210]). An AI model was trained to classify referable diabetic retinopathy as an exemplar use case. Messidor-2 images were assigned adjudicated labels available on Kaggle; 4 images were deemed ungradable and excluded, leaving 1744 images. A total of 300 images randomly selected from the EyePACS data set were independently relabeled by 3 blinded retina specialists using the International Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy protocol for diabetic retinopathy grade and diabetic macular edema presence; 19 images were deemed ungradable, leaving 281 images. Data analysis was performed from February 1 to February 28, 2021. // Exposures: Using public data sets, a teacher model was trained with labeled images using supervised learning. Next, the resulting predictions, termed pseudolabels, were used on an unlabeled public data set. Finally, a student model was trained with the existing labeled images and the additional pseudolabeled images. Main Outcomes and Measures: The analyzed metrics for the models included the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F1 score. The Fisher exact test was performed, and 2-tailed P values were calculated for failure case analysis. // Results: For the internal validation data sets, AUROC values for performance ranged from 0.886 to 0.939 for the teacher model and from 0.916 to 0.951 for the student model. For external validation of automated ML model performance, AUROC values and accuracy were 0.964 and 93.3% for the teacher model, 0.950 and 96.7% for the student model, and 0.890 and 94.3% for the manually coded bespoke model, respectively. // Conclusions and Relevance: These findings suggest that self-training using automated ML is an effective method to increase both model performance and generalizability while decreasing the need for costly expert labeling. This approach advances the democratization of AI by enabling clinicians without coding expertise or access to large, well-labeled private data sets to develop their own AI models.

Type: Article
Title: Clinician-Driven AI: Code-Free Self-Training on Public Data for Diabetic Retinopathy Referral
Location: United States
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2023.4508
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2023.4508
Language: English
Additional information: This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions.
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > Institute of Ophthalmology
URI: https://discovery-pp.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10182081
Downloads since deposit
5,740Downloads
Download activity - last month
Download activity - last 12 months
Downloads by country - last 12 months

Archive Staff Only

View Item View Item