Chung, E;
Ren, G;
Johnston, I;
Matharu, RK;
Ciric, L;
Walecka, A;
Cheong, YK;
(2023)
Applied Methods to Assess the Antimicrobial Activity of Metallic-Based Nanoparticles.
Bioengineering
, 10
(11)
, Article 1259. 10.3390/bioengineering10111259.
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Abstract
With the rise of antibiotic resistance, the drive to discover novel antimicrobial substances and standard testing methods with the aim of controlling transmissive diseases are substantially high. In healthcare sectors and industries, although methods for testing antibiotics and other aqueous-based reagents are well established, methods for testing nanomaterials, non-polar and other particle-based suspensions are still debatable. Hence, utilities of ISO standard validations of such substances have been recalled where corrective actions had to be taken. This paper reports a serial analysis obtained from testing the antimicrobial activities of 10 metallic-based nanomaterials against 10 different pathogens using five different in vitro assays, where the technique, limitation and robustness of each method were evaluated. To confirm antimicrobial activities of metallic-based nanomaterial suspensions, it was found that at least two methods must be used, one being the agar well diffusion method, which was found to be the most reliable method. The agar well diffusion method provided not only information on antimicrobial efficacy through the size of the inhibitory zones, but it also identified antimicrobial ions and synergistic effects released by the test materials. To ascertain the effective inhibitory concentration of nanoparticles, the resazurin broth dilution method is recommended, as MIC can be determined visually without utilising any equipment. This method also overcomes the limit of detection (LoD) and absorbance interference issues, which are often found in the overexpression of cell debris and nanoparticles or quantum dots with optical profiles. In this study, bimetallic AgCu was found to be the most effective antimicrobial nanoparticle tested against across the bacterial (MIC 7 µg/mL) and fungal (MIC 62.5 µg/mL) species.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Applied Methods to Assess the Antimicrobial Activity of Metallic-Based Nanoparticles |
| Location: | Switzerland |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.3390/bioengineering10111259 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10111259 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). |
| Keywords: | antimicrobial nanoparticles, copper, live–dead assay, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), resazurin, silver |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science > Dept of Civil, Environ and Geomatic Eng |
| URI: | https://discovery-pp.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10183666 |
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