Peycheva, Darina;
Li, Leah;
Fewtrell, Mary;
Silverwood, Richard;
Hardy, Rebecca;
(2023)
Mediation of the association of prenatal maternal smoking with time to natural menopause in daughters by birthweight-for gestational-age z-score and breastfeeding duration.
(CLS Working Paper
2023/4).
UCL Centre for Longitudinal Studies: London, UK.
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Abstract
Background: Maternal smoking during pregnancy, lower birth weight, and shorter breastfeeding duration have all been associated with an earlier age at menopause in the female offspring. This study quantifies the joint mediating effect of birthweight-for-gestational-age z-score and breastfeeding duration in the relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and the time to natural menopause in daughters. / Methods: Using pooled data from two prospective birth cohort studies – the 1970 British Cohort Study (n=3,878) followed-up to age 46 years and the 1958 National Child Development Study (n=4,822) followed-up to age 50 years – we perform mediation analysis with inverse odds weighting, implemented in Cox proportional-hazards models. / Results: Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with lower birthweight z-scores [β: -0.29; 95% CI -0.34, -0.24] and reduced breastfeeding duration [relative risk ratio (RRR)<1month: 0.90; 95% CI 0.79, 1.02; RRR≥1 month: 0.66; 95% CI 0.59, 0.73], relative to women who were never breastfed. Greater z-score for birthweight [hazard ratio (HR): 0.96; 95% CI 0.91, 1.01] and longer breastfeeding duration [HR≥1 month: 0.84; 95% CI 0.74, 0.96] were associated with lower hazards for earlier age at natural menopause. The total effect of prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke on the time to natural menopause in daughters was estimated as a HR of 1.13 [95% CI 1.02, 1.24]. Birthweight z-score and breastfeeding duration jointly explained 14% of the total effect [HRnatural indirect effect (NIE): 1.02; 95% CI 0.99, 1.05]. / Conclusions: The consequences of smoking during pregnancy on the earlier experience of natural menopause in daughters may partly be offset by intrauterine growth and longer breastfeeding duration to the extent that they mediate the risk of earlier menopause.
| Type: | Working / discussion paper |
|---|---|
| Title: | Mediation of the association of prenatal maternal smoking with time to natural menopause in daughters by birthweight-for gestational-age z-score and breastfeeding duration |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| Publisher version: | https://cls.ucl.ac.uk/working_papers/mediation-of-... |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | This version is the version of record. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions. |
| Keywords: | Smoking during pregnancy; Menopause; Birthweight: Breastfeeding; Causal Mediation Analysis; Inverse Odds Weighting; Birth Cohort; Longitudinal. |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute of Epidemiology and Health UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute of Epidemiology and Health > Epidemiology and Public Health |
| URI: | https://discovery-pp.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10183837 |
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