McCormick Kilbride, BT;
Nicholson, EJ;
Wood, KT;
Wilkes, TC;
Schipper, CI;
Mulina, K;
Itikarai, I;
... Aiuppa, A; + view all
(2023)
Temporal Variability in Gas Emissions at Bagana Volcano Revealed by Aerial, Ground, and Satellite Observations.
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
, 24
(6)
, Article e2022GC010786. 10.1029/2022gc010786.
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Abstract
Abstract Bagana is a remote, highly active volcano, located on Bougainville Island in southeastern Papua New Guinea. The volcano has exhibited sustained and prodigious sulfur dioxide gas emissions in recent decades, accompanied by frequent episodes of lava extrusion. The remote location of Bagana and its persistent activity have made it a valuable case study for satellite observations of active volcanism. This remoteness has also left many features of Bagana relatively unexplored. Here, we present the first measurements of volcanic gas composition, achieved by unoccupied aerial system (UAS) flights through the volcano's summit plume, and a payload comprising a miniaturized MultiGAS. We combine our measurements of the molar CO2/SO2ratio in the plume with coincident remote sensing measurements (ground‐ and satellite‐based) of SO2emission rate to compute the first estimate of CO2flux at Bagana. We report low SO2and CO2fluxes at Bagana from our fieldwork in September 2019, ∼320 ± 76 td−1and ∼320 ± 84 td−1, respectively, which we attribute to the volcano's low level of activity at the time of our visit. We use satellite observations to demonstrate that Bagana's activity and emissions behavior are highly variable and advance the argument that such variability is likely an inherent feature of many volcanoes worldwide and yet is inadequately captured by our extant volcanic gas inventories, which are often biased to sporadic measurements. We argue that there is great value in the use of UAS combined with MultiGAS‐type instruments for remote monitoring of gas emissions from other inaccessible volcanoes.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Temporal Variability in Gas Emissions at Bagana Volcano Revealed by Aerial, Ground, and Satellite Observations |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1029/2022gc010786 |
| Publisher version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022gc010786 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | © 2023 The Authors. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Geophysical Union. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences > Dept of Earth Sciences |
| URI: | https://discovery-pp.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10186297 |
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