Wagstaffe, Helen R;
Thwaites, Ryan S;
Reynaldi, Arnold;
Sidhu, Jasmin K;
McKendry, Richard;
Ascough, Stephanie;
Papargyris, Loukas;
... Chiu, Christopher; + view all
(2024)
Mucosal and systemic immune correlates of viral control after SARS-CoV-2 infection challenge in seronegative adults.
Science Immunology
, 9
(92)
, Article eadj9285. 10.1126/sciimmunol.adj9285.
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Abstract
Human infection challenge permits in-depth, early, and pre-symptomatic characterization of the immune response, enabling the identification of factors that are important for viral clearance. Here, we performed intranasal inoculation of 34 young adult, seronegative volunteers with a pre-Alpha severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strain. Of these participants, 18 (53%) became infected and showed an interferon-dominated mediator response with divergent kinetics between nasal and systemic sites. Peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation and proliferation were early and robust but showed distinct kinetic and phenotypic profiles; antigen-specific T cells were largely CD38+Ki67+ and displayed central and effector memory phenotypes. Both mucosal and systemic antibodies became detectable around day 10, but nasal antibodies plateaued after day 14 while circulating antibodies continued to rise. Intensively granular measurements in nasal mucosa and blood allowed modeling of immune responses to primary SARS-CoV-2 infection that revealed CD8+ T cell responses and early mucosal IgA responses strongly associated with viral control, indicating that these mechanisms should be targeted for transmission-reducing intervention.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Mucosal and systemic immune correlates of viral control after SARS-CoV-2 infection challenge in seronegative adults |
| Location: | United States |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1126/sciimmunol.adj9285 |
| Publisher version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.adj9285 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions. |
| Keywords: | Humans, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccination, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Nasal Mucosa |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Div of Infection and Immunity |
| URI: | https://discovery-pp.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10188149 |
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