Walker, Venexia;
Sanderson, Eleanor;
Levin, Michael G;
Damraurer, Scott M;
Feeney, Timothy;
Davies, Neil M;
(2024)
Reading and conducting instrumental variable studies: guide, glossary, and checklist.
The British Medical Journal
, 387
, Article e078093. 10.1136/bmj-2023-078093.
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Abstract
Instrumental variable analysis uses naturally occurring variation to estimate the causal effects of treatments, interventions and risk factors on outcomes in the population from observational data. Under specific assumptions, instrumental variable methods can provide unbiased estimates of causal effects. We explain these assumptions and the information and tests typically reported in instrumental variable studies, which can assess the credibility of the findings of instrumental variable studies.
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