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Population-Level Exposure to PM2.5, NO2, Greenness (NDVI), Accessible Greenspace, Road Noise, and Rail Noise in England

Garkov, Sophia; Dearden, Lorraine; Milojevic, Ai; (2024) Population-Level Exposure to PM2.5, NO2, Greenness (NDVI), Accessible Greenspace, Road Noise, and Rail Noise in England. Atmosphere , 15 (10) , Article 1197. 10.3390/atmos15101197. Green open access

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Abstract

Air pollution, greenspace and noise are interrelated environmental factors with the potential to influence human health outcomes. Research has measured these exposures in diverse ways across the globe, but no study has yet performed a country-wide analysis of air pollution, greenspace, and noise in England. This study examined cross-sectional PM2.5, NO2, greenness, accessible greenspace, road noise, and rail noise exposure data at all residential postcodes in England (n = 1,227,681). Restricted cubic spline models were fitted between each environmental exposure and a measure of socioeconomic status, the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) rank. Population-weighted exposures by IMD deciles, urbanicity, and region were subsequently estimated. Restricted cubic spline models were also fitted between greenness and each other environmental exposure in the study. The results show some evidence of inequalities in exposure to air pollutants, greenspace, and noise across England. Notably, there is a socioeconomic gradient in greenness, NO2, PM2.5, and road noise in London. In addition, NO2, PM2.5, and road noise exposure decrease as greenness increases in urban areas. Concerningly, almost all air pollution estimates in our study exceed international health guidelines. Further research is needed to elucidate the socioeconomic patterns and health impacts of air pollution, greenspace, and noise over time.

Type: Article
Title: Population-Level Exposure to PM2.5, NO2, Greenness (NDVI), Accessible Greenspace, Road Noise, and Rail Noise in England
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.3390/atmos15101197
Publisher version: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15101197
Language: English
Additional information: Copyright © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Keywords: Air pollution; greenspace; noise; environmental exposure; environmental inequality
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Education
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Education > UCL Institute of Education
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Education > UCL Institute of Education > IOE - Social Research Institute
URI: https://discovery-pp.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10198386
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