Symeonidis, M; Vaccari, M; Berta, S; Page, MJ; Lutz, D; Arumugam, V; Aussel, H; ... Wuyts, S; + view all Symeonidis, M; Vaccari, M; Berta, S; Page, MJ; Lutz, D; Arumugam, V; Aussel, H; Bock, J; Boselli, A; Buat, V; Capak, PL; Clements, DL; Conley, A; Conversi, L; Cooray, A; Dowell, CD; Farrah, D; Franceschini, A; Giovannoli, E; Glenn, J; Griffin, M; Hatziminaoglou, E; Hwang, H-S; Ibar, E; Ilbert, O; Ivison, RJ; Le Floc'h, E; Lilly, S; Kartaltepe, JS; Magnelli, B; Magdis, G; Marchetti, L; Nguyen, HT; Nordon, R; O'Halloran, B; Oliver, SJ; Omont, A; Papageorgiou, A; Patel, H; Pearson, CP; Perez-Fournon, I; Pohlen, M; Popesso, P; Pozzi, F; Rigopoulou, D; Riguccini, L; Rosario, D; Roseboom, IG; Rowan-Robinson, M; Salvato, M; Schulz, B; Scott, D; Seymour, N; Shupe, DL; Smith, AJ; Valtchanov, I; Wang, L; Xu, CK; Zemcov, M; Wuyts, S; - view fewer (2013) The Herschel census of infrared SEDs through cosmic time. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , 431 (3) pp. 2317-2340. 10.1093/mnras/stt330.

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Abstract

Using Herschel data from the deepest SPIRE and PACS surveys (HerMES and PEP) in COSMOS, GOODS-S and GOODS-N, we examine the dust properties of infrared (IR)-luminous (LIR > 1010 L⊙) galaxies at 0.1 < z < 2 and determine how these evolve with cosmic time. The unique angle of this work is the rigorous analysis of survey selection effects, making this the first study of the star-formation-dominated, IR-luminous population within a framework almost entirely free of selection biases. We find that IR-luminous galaxies have spectral energy distributions (SEDs) with broad far-IR peaks characterized by cool/extended dust emission and average dust temperatures in the 25–45 K range. Hot (T > 45 K) SEDs and cold (T < 25 K), cirrus-dominated SEDs are rare, with most sources being within the range occupied by warm starbursts such as M82 and cool spirals such as M51. We observe a luminosity–temperature (L-T) relation, where the average dust temperature of log [LIR/L⊙] ∼ 12.5 galaxies is about 10 K higher than that of their log [LIR/L⊙] ∼ 10.5 counterparts. However, although the increased dust heating in more luminous systems is the driving factor behind the L-T relation, the increase in dust mass and/or starburst size with luminosity plays a dominant role in shaping it. Our results show that the dust conditions in IR-luminous sources evolve with cosmic time: at high redshift, dust temperatures are on average up to 10 K lower than what is measured locally (z ≲ 0.1). This is manifested as a flattening of the L-T relation, suggesting that (ultra)luminous infrared galaxies [(U)LIRGs] in the early Universe are typically characterized by a more extended dust distribution and/or higher dust masses than local equivalent sources. Interestingly, the evolution in dust temperature is luminosity dependent, with the fraction of LIRGs with T < 35 K showing a two-fold increase from z ∼ 0 to z ∼ 2, whereas that of ULIRGs with T < 35 K shows a six-fold increase. Our results suggest a greater diversity in the IR-luminous population at high redshift, particularly for ULIRGs.

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