Tassie, JM;
Malateste, K;
Pujades-Rodríguez, M;
Poulet, E;
Bennett, D;
Harries, A;
Mahy, M;
... ART Linc of IeDEA and MSF Collaborations; + view all
(2010)
Evaluation of three sampling methods to monitor outcomes of antiretroviral treatment programmes in low- and middle-income countries.
PLoS One
, 5
(11)
, Article e13899. 10.1371/journal.pone.0013899.
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Abstract
Background Retention of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) over time is a proxy for quality of care and an outcome indicator to monitor ART programs. Using existing databases (Antiretroviral in Lower Income Countries of the International Databases to Evaluate AIDS and Médecins Sans Frontières), we evaluated three sampling approaches to simplify the generation of outcome indicators. Methods and Findings We used individual patient data from 27 ART sites and included 27,201 ART-naive adults (≥15 years) who initiated ART in 2005. For each site, we generated two outcome indicators at 12 months, retention on ART and proportion of patients lost to follow-up (LFU), first using all patient data and then within a smaller group of patients selected using three sampling methods (random, systematic and consecutive sampling). For each method and each site, 500 samples were generated, and the average result was compared with the unsampled value. The 95% sampling distribution (SD) was expressed as the 2.5th and 97.5th percentile values from the 500 samples. Overall, retention on ART was 76.5% (range 58.9–88.6) and the proportion of patients LFU, 13.5% (range 0.8–31.9). Estimates of retention from sampling (n = 5696) were 76.5% (SD 75.4–77.7) for random, 76.5% (75.3–77.5) for systematic and 76.0% (74.1–78.2) for the consecutive method. Estimates for the proportion of patients LFU were 13.5% (12.6–14.5), 13.5% (12.6–14.3) and 14.0% (12.5–15.5), respectively. With consecutive sampling, 50% of sites had SD within ±5% of the unsampled site value. Conclusions Our results suggest that random, systematic or consecutive sampling methods are feasible for monitoring ART indicators at national level. However, sampling may not produce precise estimates in some sites.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Evaluation of three sampling methods to monitor outcomes of antiretroviral treatment programmes in low- and middle-income countries |
| Location: | United States |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pone.0013899 |
| Publisher version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013899 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. PMCID: PMC2978082 |
| Keywords: | Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Adult, Africa South of the Sahara, Anti-HIV Agents, Cambodia, Developing Countries, HIV-1, Humans, India, Lost to Follow-Up, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Patient Compliance, Patient Dropouts, Program Evaluation, Survival Rate, Time Factors |
| UCL classification: | UCL |
| URI: | https://discovery-pp.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1399548 |
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