Tata, M; Tillo, M; Ruhrberg, C; (2015) Neuropilins in Development and Disease of the Nervous System. In: Pruszak, J, (ed.) Neural Surface Antigens: From Basic Biology Towards Biomedical Applications. (pp. 65-75). Elsevier: London, UK.

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Abstract

Neuropilins are highly conserved, single-pass transmembrane proteins specific to vertebrates that were originally identified as adhesion molecules in the nervous system. They are best known as the ligand-binding subunit of the class 3 semaphorin receptor, while members of the plexin family typically act as the signal-transducing component. More recently, neuropilins were shown to serve as receptors for the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and to interact with the VEGF receptor tyrosine kinases VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 (CD309). The ability to bind several distinct ligands and interact with various co-receptors allows neuropilins to diversify their repertoire of functions in regulating cellular behaviors such as cell adhesion, survival, repulsion, and attraction. In this chapter, we will review how this versatility supports the development of both the nervous and vascular systems and discuss the possible use of neuropilins as a therapeutic target for injury in the central nervous system.

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