Zis, P; Strydom, A; Buckley, D; Adekitan, D; McHugh, PC; (2017) Cognitive ability in Down syndrome and its relationship to urinary neopterin, a marker of activated cellular immunity. Neuroscience Letters , 636 pp. 254-257. 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.11.023.

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Neopterin is an unconjugated pteridine that is secreted in large quantities by activated macrophages and can be used as a clinical marker of activated cellular immunity and oxidative stress. We aimed to investigate whether urinary neopterin levels are associated with cognitive function in people with Down syndrome (DS). METHODS: Out of 32 adults with DS who originally participated in a longitudinal study, 25 were followed up at 4 years. Informants rated their adaptive behavior (ABAS) and the adults with DS attempted assessments of language skills and memory at both baseline and follow-up time points (Modified Memory Object Task, MOMT), and receptive vocabulary (British Picture Vocabulary Scale, BPVS). RESULTS: Neopterin/creatinine levels were negatively correlated with change in the MOMT total score (Spearman’s Rho = −0.517, p = 0.020) and change in the MOMT delayed recall score (Spearman’s Rho = −0.577, p = 0.008) over time, i.e. higher neopterin/creatinine level was associated with worse performance on a test of cognitive ability over time. CONCLUSIONS: Urine neopterin may have potential as a biomarker for memory decline in Down syndrome, and could potentially also help to track progression of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer’s disease in other high risk populations.

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