Mahgerefteh, Haroun; Denton, Garfield; (2008) Pressurised CO2 Pipeline Rupture. In: Hazards 20 - Symposium Series no. 154. IChemE

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Abstract

Outflow data using a validated CFD model for the hypothetical full bore rupture of a pressurised pipeline transporting CO2 are presented. For the sake of an example, the selected pipeline operating pressure of 117bara, 54km long and 0.42m dia. are the same as those for the main gas riser connecting the Piper Alpha to the MCP which ruptured during the Piper Alpha tragedy. Comparison of the CO2 discharge data with those for the actual Piper Alpha natural gas composition indicate significantly greater amount of CO2 released. Although both pipelines exhibit very similar depressurisation rates, almost 250,000kg of CO2 corresponding to only 3.7% of the total inventory is released in the first 300s following rupture. This compares with 125,000 kg of natural gas (9.7% of the total inventory) released for the same time duration. The temperature profile data indicate a significant drop in the temperature of CO2 at the rupture plane corresponding to solid discharge at – 62oC and 4.1bara some 900s following pipeline failure. The combination of the massive amount of CO2 released in a relatively short period of time, the resulting dense cloud followed by solid discharge and its slow sublimation will pose a major challenge to safety practitioners when dealing with the hazards associated with the failure of pressurised CO2 pipelines.

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